Hello Yoann,
Can you please provide the code sample that I can use to reproduce the problem?
I've tried the following on some random project and got proper assignment:
chunk = Metashape.app.document.chunk
camera = chunk.cameras[0]
camera.reference.location = Metashape.Vector([1, 2, 3])
If you are to keep some of the original source reference values, make sure that camera.reference.location exists (in not None).