So, I have been playing around with the data and found the problem; the gcp file had somehow the wrong coordinates. But even after fixing the problem, the raster data will not place itself in the correct position. I get a message from arcmap that the datum is not the same, even though i have selected the same datum as my shapefiles. Have tried loading the file in arcexplorer as well but it places the raster about 3km south of the intended position. Don't know whether it is caused by the transformation or if it is due to the data.
I added the gcp file, it is correct (x and y may be switched, but otherwise working).
EDIT: I got it working, although I am not quite sure how. It seems as if there was something happening when I exported the file in wgs 1984 33N, so I tried exporting it in just wgs 1984 and it worked.